241 - 5 Because x^3 is increasing, the minimum on (k/n, (k+1)/n) is (k^3)/(n^3)
        and the maximum is (k+1)^3/(n^3).  The base of each interval is (1/n).
        hence the upper sum is SUM[i = 1 to n] (1/n)(i^3 / n^3)   
        =.25(1+2/n+1/n^2).  Similaly, the lower sum is 
        SUM[i = 0 to n-1] (1/n)(i^3 / n^3) = 
       .25(1-2/n+1/n^2).  Since both approach .25 as n appraches infinity,
       the Riemann integral exists and equals .25

      6 For delta arbitrarily small, we may surround the c_1 with neighborhoods
        radius delta, and use the endpoints of those intervals to define the 
        partition (a and b must also be members of the partition; it may be
        necessary to make some of the neighborhoods even smaller so they will 
        not intersect, but will only strengthen the result).  I B is the bound
        on the function, for that partition the upper sum will be less than
        n times 2 times delta times B, and the lower sum greater than
        -n times 2 times delta times b.  Since delta can be arbitrarily small
        (recall that n is fixed), the upper and lower sums are both arbitrarily
        close to 0, hence the integral is 0. 

     13 If f1 = 0 on the rationals and 1 on the irrationals, and f2 =
        1 on the rationals and 0 on the irrationals; L(f1)=L(f2)=0, but 
        L(f1 + f2) = 1 

249 - 1 For a fixed partition, the heighs of all the rectangles are multiplied
        by k, hence L(kf, P) = kL(f,P)  For a sequence of partitions which 
        provide L(f), there will also be convergence of kL(f, P_i)=L(kf,P_i)
        (the same argument holds for U).
        It follows from above that if L(f)=U(f), L(kf)=U(kf), k passes
        across the integral.

     11 Let h(x) = x for x not equal to 0, h(0)=1.  i/h is unbounded, hence
        not integrable.

     19 This follows from the previous result that sup(f,g)=.5(f+g+|f-g|),
        and that the sum and absolute value of integrable functions are 
        integrable.

259 - 5 For x=0, use the definition of the derivative to get 
      lim[x goes to 0+](x^2 sin(pi/x^2))/(x-0) = 0.  For x not equal 0, take
      the derivative, which is 2xsin(pi/x^2) + x^2cos(pi/x^2)(-2/x^3); this
      is not bounde near 0 because of the factor (1/x) whixh is not always 
      killed by the cosine function.  For a greater than 0, int[a,1]g(x)dx
      is just G(1)-G(a), and since G(a) goes to zero as a goes to 0+, the 
      limit as a goes to 0+ is just G(1)= 0. 

      9 If f is integrable, then F' is integrable, because it differs from
        f at only a finite number of points, Therefore by theorem 7.3.1
        Int[a,b]F' = F(b)-F(a).  Theorem 7.2.4 essentially tells us we can 
        ignore a finite number of points, hence Intf = IntF'.

      17 Assume f(x) is positive somewhere, hence on an interval, call it
         [c,e].  Then int[0,c] = int[c,1] =int[c,d] + int[d,1]
         similarly, int[0,c] + int[c,d] = int[0,d] = int[d,1].
         subtracting these equations provides int[c,d] = -int[c,d],
         hence int[c,d]=0.  This contradicts that f is positive and continuous
         on [c,d].  

 

Russell Campbell
Sun Dec 07 1997