269 - 2 a) In order to bring (1/n) outside the sum, we put n in the numerator;
Then dividing numerator and denominator by n yields
(1/n) sum 1/(1+(k/n)) which approaches int 1/(1+x) dx
b) Put (1/n) outside and n (which makes kn) in the numerator; divide
numerator and denominator by n^2 which leaves
(1/n) sum (k/n)/(1+(k/n)^2) which approaches int x/(1+x^2) dx
6 The key observation is that the height of a rectangle is
.5(x_k + x_(k-1)) and the coresponding base is (x_k - x_(k-1))
multiplying produces the area of a rectangle is
.5((x_k)^2 - (x_(k-1))^2). summing ffom k=1 to n telescopes to
.5((x_n)^2 - (x_0)^2) letting x_0 = 0 and x_n = b provides the result.
(we may choose a sequence of partitions with the mesh going to 0)
12 a) improper since log(x) goes to -infinity as x goes to 0
convergent since x ln(x) goes to 0. value = -1.
b) improper since log(1) =0, hence 1/(x log(x) ) blows up
diverges since log(log(x)) goes to -infinity as x goes to 1
c) improper since i/sqrt(x-1) blows up as x goes to 1;
convergent since behaves as 1/sqrt(x) at 0. integral =
(2/3)(2+x)sqrt(x-1); value = 8/3
d) proper since xlog(x) goes to 0 as x goes to 0. integral =
(x^2)/2 log(x) - (x^2)/4; value = -.25
Russell Campbell
Sun Dec 14 1997